| Twenty złotych (Poland) | |
|---|---|
| Value: | 20 Polish złoty |
| Width: | 126 mm |
| Height: | 63 mm |
| Security Features: | |
| Paper Type: | White Paper |
| Years of Printing: | 1924 - 1950; 1950 - 1995; 1995 - present |
| Obverse | |
| Design: | Portrait of King Boleslaus I the Brave in centre area. |
| Designer: | |
| Design Date: | |
| Reverse | |
| Design: | Depiction of a denar, a silver coin from Boleslaus I the Brave's reign, in centre area. |
| Designer: | |
| Design Date: | |
The 20 Polish Złotych note is a denomination of the Polish złoty.
Contents |
In 1794, treasury notes were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 groszy, 1, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych.[1] The Duchy of Warsaw issued notes for 1, 2 and 5 talarów.[1]
In 1824, the Bank Kassowy Królestwa Polskiego issued notes for 10, 50 and 100 złotych.[1] The Bank Polski issued notes dated 1830 and 1831 in denominations of 1, 5, 50 and 100 złotych, whilst assignats for 200 and 500 złotych were issued during the insurrection of 1831.[1] From 1841, the Bank Polski issued notes denominated in rubel.[1]
In 1924, along with provisional notes (overprints on old, bisected notes) for 1 and 5 groszy, the Ministry of Finance issued notes for 10, 20 and 50 groszy, whilst the Bank Polski introduced 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych.[1] From 1925, the Ministry of Finance issued 2 and 5 złotych notes, before they were replaced by silver coins, and the Bank Polski issued 5, 10, 20 and 50 złotych notes, with 100 złotych only reintroduced in 1932.[1] In 1936, the Bank Polski issued 2 złote notes, followed in 1938 by Ministry of Finance notes for 1 złoty.[1]
In 1939, the General Government overprinted 100 złotych notes for use[1] before, in 1940, the Bank Emisyjny w Polsce was set up and issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych.[1] After liberation, notes (dated 1944) were introduced by the Narodowy Bank Polski for 50 grosz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, with 1000 złotych notes added in 1945.[1]
In 1950, new notes, which were dated 1948, were introduced for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, but 1000 złotych notes were added in 1962.[2] 200 and 2000 złotych notes were added in 1976 and 1977, followed by 5000 złotych notes in 1982.[2] The late 1980s and early 1990s saw high inflation in Poland and led to the introduction of notes in denominations of 10,000 in 1987, 20,000 in 1989, 50,000 in 1989, 100,000 in 1990, 200,000 in 1989, 500,000 in 1990, 1,000,000 in 1991 and 2,000,000 złotych in 1992.[2] These notes (and coins) were valid, but with the exception of the 200,000 złotych note, until the end of 1996.[2] They could be exchanged at the National Bank of Poland and some banks obligated to it by the NBP until 31 December 2010, and they are no longer legal tender.[2]
In 1995, notes, which were dated 1994, were introduced in denominations of 10 złotych, 20 złotych, 50 złotych, 100 złotych and 200 złotych.[3]
The obverse of he note consists of a portrait of King Boleslaus I the Brave in the centre area, with an inscription, "BOLESŁAW I CHROBRY", in a decorative medallion. To the left of the portrait is an inscription is placed at the top, "NARODOWY BANK POLSKI", below that is a depiction of an eagle, the emblem of the Republic of Poland. The date of issuance is below that, "WARSZAWA 25 MARCA 1994 r." and below that are the signatures of the Chairman and Chief Treasurer of the National Bank of Poland. In the background of the inscriptions and the emblem is an outline of a Romanesque portal, with bricks above. On the left-hand side of the note, in the area of the watermark is a composition of guilloche lines. In the top left-hand corner, arranged vertically is the denomination, with a line underneath and an inscription below, "DWADZIESCIA ZLOTYCH". In the bottom left-hand corner is a marking for the visually impaired, consisting of a circle with a raised edge. The right-hand side of the note contains two separate fields, an upper field and lower field. The upper field bears the denomination, with a drawing of a crown in an oval below and four "20"s around the crown, and a stylised drawing of an oak underneath. The denomination of the note in the top left-hand corner, the line below that is a marking for the visually impaired, and the upper and lower right-hand fields are all filled with white ornaments. The background of the front of the note consists of guilloche mesh with intersecting lines of light violet, light pink, orange, olive green and beige.
On the reverse of the note is a depiction of a denar, a silver coin from Boleslaus I the Brave's reign, in the centre area. At the top, against a ribbon background is an inscription, "NARODOWY BANK POLSKI". Below the denar is a rectangular field of ornamentation bearing the denomination to the left and the inscription, "DWADZIESCIA ZLOTYCH", to the right. To the left of the denar is a drawing of a rotunda, with a crown in an oval above and four "20"s around the crown. To the right of the denar is a drawing of a lion rampant on a floral osier, with "BANKNOTY EMITOWANE PRZEZ NARODOWY BANK POLSKI SA PRAWNYM SRODKIEM PLATNICZYM W POLSCE" inscribed below that. In the background of the crown and the rotunda, and also of the lion and the inscription is a composition of guilloche lines making up the repeated number "20". On the right-hand side of the note, at the top, above the guilloche ribbon is the number "20" filled with white ornaments. In the bottom right-hand corner are the initials of the National Bank of Poland. In the watermark area is a composition of guilloche lines.
The National Bank of Poland has issued three 20 złotych collector's banknotes, the first in 2009, and the third in 2011.
The 200th birthday anniversary of Juliusz Słowacki, a Polish poet and playwright, one of the most eminent authors of the Romanticism in Poland, has been commemorated by the National Bank of Poland by issuance of a collector banknote worth 20 złotych. The banknote was put into circulation on 23 September 2009.
On the obverse of the note, on the right-hand side, Juliusz Słowacki’s bust is placed. The centre has a stylised image of the manor house in Krzemieniec, which, for the past years, has served as the Juliusz Słowacki Museum. The state emblem of the Republic of Poland is placed on this side.
On the reverse of the note, on the left-hand side, there is a fragment of King Sigismund III Vasa Column at the Castle Square in Warsaw. At the top, there are images of flying cranes. In the centre, there is a reproduction of an excerpt from the poem "Uspokojenie" (Reassurance) and, at the bottom, a fragment of St. John the Baptist's Cathedral in Warsaw.
The author of the designs is Maciej Kopecki, chief graphic designer at the Polish Security Printing Works (PWPW).
The security features of this commemorative banknote are:
The National Bank of Poland commemorated the 200th anniversary of the birth of an eminent Polish composer and pianist Frédéric Chopin by issuing a collector note with the face value of 20 złoty. The note was issued at the turn of February and March 2010.
The banknote is 138 x 69 mm large.
The obverse of the note depicts a portrait of Frédéric Chopin in profile. This element has been produced with the steel engraving technique. The engraving of the portrait was done by Przemysław Krajewski, a hand engraving artist at the Polish Security Printing Works. (PWPW) On the left-hand side, there is an image of the manor house in Żelazowa Wola where the composer was born. On the right-hand side, there is a reproduction of the first edition of Mazurka in B-flat major, Op. 7 No. 1 and of the autograph of the composer.
The reverse of the note shows a facsimile of a fragment of Étude in f-minor, Op. 10, No. 9, against a landscape with willows, characteristic of the Central Poland region.
The banknote was designed by Grzegorz Pfeifer and Katarzyna Jarnuszkiewicz. The banknotes have been printed by the Polish Security Printing Works.
The security features of the banknote are:
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